VEGETABLE GROWING IN MALAYSIA

Vegetable growing in Malaysia as an important industry in Food Production Sector. In 2006 39,659 hectare vegetable grown with total production 572,687 metric tones increase to about 40,980 in 2010 with total production about 534,370 mt (estimated). Johore is the largest area growing vegetables area in Malaysia with a total of 11,880 hectare (Ha) in 2009 and gross production 493,470 mt and it was 31% of national hectarage. The second largest state is Pahang with 6,540 hectare and gross production 85,460 mt in 2009 with highland vegetable from Cameroon Highland. The third largest producer was Kelantan (3,940 ha) followed by Sarawak (3,890 ha) and Sabah (2,650 ha). Trend of vegetable production was uncertain due to various factor from 572,687 mt (2006), 456,992 (2007), 490,963 (2008), 493,470 (2009) and estimated about 534,370 (2010).

From 22 types of vegetable grown in Malaysia seems that Brassica spp (Sawi) is the largest leafy vegetable grown with a total of 8,180 hectare in 2009 and total production about 118,610 mt.

Second largest variety was Kangkung (4,610 ha about 40,570 mt) followed by Cucumber (Timun) for 2,920 ha) and Chilli (2,740 ha produce about 31,240 mt). Other vegetables grown more tha 1,000 hectare annually was Long Bean (Kacang Panjang), Brinjal, Loofa and Tomato. For Salad, Pumpkins, Sweet shoot, Sengkuang, Kobis Bunga was less than 300 ha in 2009.

Bayam was popular grown in Johor State with Johor Bahru District (1,795 ha) , Kota Tinggi (460 ha) and Muar (301 ha) in 2008 and mostly for Singapore and Domestic market. Kangkung also grown in Johore in Johor Bahru (2,433 ha), Muar (432 ha) and Tumpat Kelantan (214 ha). For Cabbage it was grown in Cameroon Highland (510 ha), Ranau Sabah (250 ha) and Gua Musang (71 ha). For Sawi it was grown in Johor Bahru District (1,537 ha), Muar (735 ha) and Kota Tinggi (412 ha), For Tomato of course grown in Cameroon Highland (601 ha) followed by Lojing (Gua Musang Kelantan) and Ranau Sabah.

Vegetable production in Malaysia has a concentrated area such as in

Cameroon Highland, Lojing Kelantan and Ranau Sabah for Highland Vegetables. For lowland the area are in Senai Johor Bahru, Sengkang Muar, Simpang Renggam , Kluang and Kota Tinggi Johor and Kelantan. All vegetable growers monitored their activity by Department of Agriculture and NGO (Vegetable Association Growers of Malaysia) and FAMA (For tagging program). DOA impose Pesticide Extension Program to advise vegetable growers not to use excessive chemical for the market.

The vegetable production estimated to increase in area and quantity under 1oth Malaysian Plan with the NKEA project implementation. Few area are identified to produce Tomato, Lettuce and Bell Pepper especially at the highland area of Cameroon Highland and Lojing, Kelantan. The targeted market is for global export to meet the international demand. Malaysia import few million of temperate vegetable to meet the domestic demand. With the recent technology such as greenhouse and fertigation we hope some of the modified temperate vegetable able to produce locally. Vegetable industry in Malaysia has a potential future provided the infrastructure, technology, marketing access, land, manpower and skilled labour are in the place.

EAT FRESH VEGETABLE ............MORE HEALTHY....

GROW YOUR OWN VEGETABLE....... BETTER FOR ECONOMY....

MORE LOCAL VEGETABLE..... BETTER INCOME FOR FARMERS

SO.....

By,

M Anem

DOA Muar

Quick For Vegetables Info

1. Red Chilli CILI MERAH)

a. Bontanical : Capsicum annum L

b. Planting Distance : 0.9m x 1.2m

c. Plants/hectare : 6,000

d. Seeds per hectare : 300 gram

e. Start harvesting : 10 th week after planting

f. Yielding period : 12 - 20 weeks

g. Potential yield : 5 - 20 metric ton/ha

h. Cost of production: RM 10,763.00

i. Gross Profit : RM 37,500

j. Nett Profit : RM 26,736.00

k. Cost per kg chilli : RM 0.72

l. Return for RM 1 investment : RM 3.48

2. Long Bean (KACANG PANJANG)

a. Bontanical name : Vigna sesquipedalis

b. Planting distance : 0.6m x 0.45 m

c. Planting density : 21,700 /ha

d. Seed requirement : 7 - 8 kg/ha

e. Start harvesting : 7th week after planting

f. Yielding period : 5 weeks

g. Potential Yield : 10 - 20 mt/ha

h. Costs of Prodution : RM 7,887.90

i. Gross Profit : RM 12,000.00

j. Nett Profit : RM 4,312.10

k. Cost per kilogram : RM 0.51

l. Return to RM 1 investment : RM 1.56

3. Cucumber (TIMUN)

a. Bontanical name : Cucumis sativus Linn

b. Planting distance : 0.6 m x 0.6 m

c. Planting density : 17,780 /ha

d. Seed requirement : 1.4 kg / ha

e. Start harvesting : 32 days

f. Harvesting period : 30 days

g. Potential yield : 12 - 30 mt/ha

h. Costs of production: RM 5,575.35

i. Gross Income : RM 9,000.00

j. Nett Income : RM 3,424.75

k. Cost per kilogram : RM 0.25

l. Return for RM 1 investment : RM 1.61

4. Angle Loofah (PETOLA)

a. Botanical name : Luffa acutagula

b. Planting distance : 0.6 m x 1.5 m

c. Planting density : 7,111 / ha

d. Seed requirement : 5 kg /ha

e. Start harvesting : 7th week after planting

f. Harvest duration : 8 weeks

g. Potential yield : 12 -23 mt/ha

h. Costs of production : RM 5,595.70

i. Gross Income : RM 10,350.00

j. Nett income : RM 4,754.30

k. Cost per kilogram : RM 0.32

l. Return to investment : RM 1.85

5. BRINJAL (TERUNG)

a. Botanical name : Solanum melongena

b. Planting distance : 0.9m x 1.5 m

c. Planting density : 4,740 / ha

d. Seed requirement : 375 gram/ha

e. Start harvesting : 9 th week

f. Harvesting duration : 12 - 20 weeks
g. Potentian yield : 20 - 30 mt / ha

h. Costs of production : RM 9,601.10

i. Gross income : RM 12,750.00

j. Nett Income : RM 3,148.90

k. Cost of 1kg brinjal : RM 0.45

l. Return for RN 1 investment: RM 1.33

By

M Anem

DOA

Fertigasi Keliling Rumah

Tanaman cili secara fertigasi dengan Cili MC 10 di kawasan pejabat Pertanian Muar.



Apakah dia Penanaman Sayuran secara SistemFertigasi (Fertigation system) ?

Sistem Fertigasi ialah menanam sayuran dengan pemberian baja tanpa melalui sistem pengairan, Kelebihan menggunakan sistem ini ialah:-

a. Nutrien lengkap dapat diberikan kepada sayuran
b, Dijamin bersih dan tidak kotor
c, Mengurangkan penggunaan racun dan kimia
d. Mudah di uruskan dan moden
e. Hasil yang selamat dan boleh di jadualkan
f. Hasil yang selamat dan bepotensi tinggi
g. Mengatasi masaalah kekurangan tanag/tanah bermasaalah
h. Teknologi sedia ada yang mudah



Bagaimana pun terdapat beberapa kelemahan sistem ini :-

a. Kos awal agak tinggi untuk belu peralatan
b. Perlukan ilmu pengetaguan yang lengkap
c. Perlu diuruskan secara berterusan
d, Jika sistem rosak akan merugikan pengusha


Jenis sayuran disyorkan adalah seperti Tomato, Timun, Capsicum, Timun Jepun dan Terung. Tanaman lain ialah Melon, Strawbwrry, Bunga Landskap dan sebagainya.


Tomato cherry yang di tanam di Rumah AO Muar telah berhasil.
Satu pokok memberikan sebanyaj 3.5 kg tomato cherry semusim.


Kajian daripada Penulis mendapati hasil sayuran secara fertigasi agak baik dengan syarat pengurusan di buat dengan baik. Berikut adalah rekod daripada pengalaman penulis :

a. Tomato selama 5-6 bulan (2-4 kg/pk)
b. Terung peparu 5-6 bulan (6-9 kg/pk)
c. Cili Merah MC10 selama 5-6 bulan (4-6 kg/pk)
d. Timun Jepun selama 70-90 hari (10-15 kg/pk)
e. Melon selama 55-60 hari (3-5 kg/pk)



Bagi mereka yang berminat dengan tanaman secara sistem fertigasi boleh mencuba secara kecil-kecilan di keliling rumah. Pertanyaan boleh dibuat kepada Pegawai2 Jabatan Pertanian atau dengan membaca buku atau layari internet. Untuk menjalankan projek secara luas beberapa TKPM Fertigasi ada disediakan seperti TKPM Besut Terengganu, TKPM IPAH Air Hitam, TKPM Pagoh Muar dan Stesyen Pertanian Serdang.


By
M Anem
Melaka

Supply Chain of Vegetables in Malaysia

Fresh vegetables from fertigation project at Muar.

Vegetable production is a continuous activity throughout the years by commercial vegetable growers for domestic and export. About 112,450 hectare area are grown with vegetable annually located at Highland Area (Cameron Highland and Kundasang) and Lowland Area (Johor Bahru, Muar, Perak, Selangor) and other patches area. Farmers produced their vegetable according to the market needs and their matrix calendar production. Highland vegetable such as cabbage, tomato, celery, capsicum, cauliflower and others needs a proper post harvest and transportation system due to the location distance from the farm to the consumer.

Post harvest intervals (PHI) is an important aspect and factor for farmers to follow as Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) to ensure the vegetables are in good quality and safe for consumption. the spraying or usage of pesticide or weedicide must follow the instruction as stated on the Label. Upon harvesting all produce must washed with running water to remove the dirt's and start grading according to quality. The vegetable arranged is rattan basket or plastic basket with proper layering paper to ensure quality. Transportation from the farm to collection center must fast and cooling room required for certain vegetable.

Wholesaler will distribute the fresh vegetable to the selected location and supermarkets or direct to retailer. For supermarket consignment all local suppliers engaged with the hypermarkets has to repacked with tagged price. Supermarket will arrange the vegetable according to variety, quality, pricing, quantity in the fresh food section or bay. The consumer has to properly satisfied with the presentation in supermarket and start buying. Supply Chain Management (SCM) of vegetable from farm to table need a lot of process with challengers .

Post harvest activity is an important factor determine price at the end outlet. Most farmers depend on the middle man to determine and do vegetable produce at farm level. Upon grading completed , most middle man will sent to main wholesalers and later distributed to retailer (eg Hypermarket, Supermarket, Mini Market or Small scale retailers). Product presentation in important and DISPLAY QUALITY is management by retailer operator. Supply chain management in Malaysia considered modern level which a proper system.

By,

M Anem

SCM Student

Program Bumi Hijau

Bahan Kit Bumi Hijau yang dibekalkan oleh Jabatan Pertanian Muar.

Program Bumi Hijau yang di lancarkan oleh Perdana Manteri terus dilaksanakan di seluroh kawasan dalam daerah Muar/Ledang. Tujuan Program Bumi Hijau adalah untuk memberikan orang ramai peluang untuk mengeluarkan makanan sendiri di keliling rumah menggunakan kawasan sedia ada. Di Daerah Muar terdapat 10 Program Komuniti dan 1,400 Program Individu. Jabatan Pertanian membekalkan Benih Tanaman, Peralatan Asas (Plastik, Baja Kompos, Bahan Kimia) serta panduan penanaman beberapa jenis sayuran seperti Cili, Bayam, Kangkung, Bendi, Kacang Botor, Jagung dan sebagainya. Setiap Individu diberikan Beg Bumi Hijau yang mengandungi perkara diatas.

YB Asojan (ADUN Gambir) merasmikan pelancaran Projek Bumi Hijau di Taman Baru BG.

Bagi Program Komuniti ianya dijalankan di Kawasan Lapang Taman Perumahan atau di sekitar kampong atau Sekolah atau Hospital. Beberapa Sekolah telah menunjukkan kejayaan yang cemerlang seperti Sekolan Kebangsaan Ledang yang menjadi Juara di Daerah Ledang peringkat Negeri Johor. Peranan Guru dan Murid menjadikan sekolah tersebut dapat menjalankan program bumi hijau dengan baik. Program ini diteruskan pada setiap tahun untuk mempastikan orang ramai dapat menghasilkan bahan makanan yang Segar, Selamat dan berkhasiat serta dapat memupuk semangat berdikari dan mengurangkan belanja pasar.

Kajian yang dijalankan oleh Jabatan Pertanian menunjukkan Program Bumi Hijau menjimatkan perbelanjaaan mingguan ebanyak RM 25 - RM 30 seminggu untuk kos pembelian sayur-sayuran segar setiap peserta. Ini bermakna sebanyak antara RM 100 - RM 120 dalat dijimatkan dalam sebulan. Temubual beberapa peserta di Taman Tun Dr Ismail di Muar mendapati hasil sayuran Program Bumi Hijau adalah segar dan selamat dimakan kerana menggunakan bahan kimia biopesticide yang juga organik.

Sebanyak RM 17.4 juta telah dijana dari aktiviti program bumi hijau melalui penanaman sayur-sayuran dan tanaman jangkapendek melalui Projek Individu dan Projek Komuniti. Kajian temubual dengan beberapa sumber menyatakan program komuniti bumi hijau sangat berjaya di beberapa lokasi sehingga terdapat peserta menjual hasilnya untuk pendapatan tambahan. Kempen Program Bumi Hijau ini perlu diteruskan sepanjang masa untuk mempastikan kelestariannya dan kesedaran penduduk Malaysia mendapatkan bekalan sayuran yang segar, berkualiti dan selamat di makan disamping menjimatkan perbelanjaan dapur.

BUMI HIJAU....PROGRAM KERAJAAN...

BENIH SAYUR DIEDAR...PETANI MENANAM...

HASIL DITUAI....DIMAKAN SENDIRI....

SELAMAT DIMAKAN...TAK PERLU BELI LAGI...

By

DOA Muar

JOHOR