KOS KELEDEK

Anggaran Kos Pengeluaran Ubi Keledek

(Sehektar/musim) Tahun 2010*

Nama Tanaman : Keledek (Impomea batatas)

Jarak Penanaman : 0.25 m x 0.10 m
Kepadatan : 300,000 pokok**
Jangkamasa penanaman : 3 bulan

A. Pendapatan Kasar 24,000 kg 0.8 /kg = RM 19,200.00

B Kos Pengeluaran Keledek

I Kos Berubah
Bahan-bahan Input
1 Benih 25 guni 20 / guni = RM 500.00
2 Baja
a. Tahi ayam 3 tan 440 /tan = RM 1,320.00
b. NPK 12:6:22:3 0.9 tan 2,380 / tan = RM 2,142.00
c. NPK 12:12:17:2 0.9 tan 2,440 /tan = RM 2,196.00
3 Racun kimia
a. Racun perosak (thiram) 6 kg 25 /kg = RM 150.00
b. Racun rumpai = RM 60.00

Jumlah Kos Bahan Input (I) = RM 6,368.00

II Kos Tenaga Kerja
1 Penyediaan tanah dan batas Kontrak = RM 1,000.00
2 Penyediaan benih 4 t.h. 30 /th = RM 120.00
3 Menanam 10 t.h. 30 /th = RM 300.00
4 Membaja 8 t.h. 30 /th = RM 240.00
5 Kawalan rumpai 8 t.h. 30 /th = RM 240.00
6 Kawalan perosak 4 t.h. 30 /th = RM 120.00
7 Memungut hasil Kontrak = RM 700.00

Jumlah Kos Tenagakerja (II) = RM 2,720.00

III Kos Tetap
1 Sewa tanah 5 bulan 42 /ha/bln = RM 210.00
2 Alatan pertanian = RM 1,187.50
3 Bahan Api 250 liter 1.80 liter = RM 450.00

Jumlah Kos Tetap (III) = RM 1,847.50

Jumlah Kos Berubah ( I+II+III) = RM 10,935.50

C. Pendapatan

1 Pendapatan Kasar = RM 19,200.00
2 Jumlah kos (I+II+III) = RM 10,935.50
3 Kontigensi 5% = RM 546.78
4 Jumlah kos pengeluaran = RM 11,482.28
5 Pendapatan Bersih = RM 7,717.73
6 Harga Pulang Modal (Kos/kg) = RM 0.48
7 B/C Ratio = RM 1.67


Nota :

* Berdasarkan kajian penulis pada bulan Jun-Ogos 2010

** Berdasarkan 75% kawasan bertanam sehektar

By

M Anem
Penang

Malaysia

KOS JAGUNG

Anggaran Kos Pengeluaran Jagung/ha/musim Tahun 2010

Jarak Penanaman : 0.75 m x 0.25 m
Kepadatan : 40,000 pokok*
Jangkamasa penanaman : 3 bulan


A. Pendapatan Kasar 40,000 tongkol 0.5 /tongkol = RM 20,000.00

B Kos Pengeluaran Tanaman Jagung

I Kos Berubah
Bahan-bahan Input
1 Benih 20 kg 6 / kg = RM 120.00
2 Baja
a. Kapur 3 tan 280 /tan = RM 840.00
b. Baja Organik 3 tan 440 / tan = RM 1,320.00
c. NPK 15:15:15 0.25 tan 2,400 / tan = RM 600.00
d. NPK 12:12:17:2 0.25 tan 2,440 / tan = RM 610.00
e. Urea 0.15 tan 1,580 /tan = RM 237.00
3 Racun kimia
a. Racun Pra Cambah (Atrazine) 3.5 liter 25 /liter = RM 87.50
a. Racun rumpai 10 liter 45 /liter = RM 450.00
a. Racun serangga 12 liter 90 / liter = RM 1,080.00
b. Racun kulat 10 liter 25 / liter = RM 250.00
4 Bahan lain
a. Bakul plastik 10 unit 40 / unit = RM 400.00

Jumlah Kos Bahan Input (I) = RM 5,994.50

II Kos Tenaga Kerja
1 Penyediaan tanah dan batas Kontrak = RM 1,000.00
3 Membaja asas & kapur 10 t.h. 30 /th = RM 300.00
4 Menanam 15 t.h. 30 /th = RM 450.00
5 Memasang sistem pengairan 15 t.h. 30 /th = RM 450.00
6 Menyulam 4 t.h. 30 /th = RM 120.00
7 Menyembur serangga & kulat 6 t.h. 30 /th = RM 180.00
8 Merumput 10 t.h. 30 /th = RM 300.00
9 Membaja I,II,III dan IV 8 t.h. 30 /th = RM 240.00
10 Meracun rumpai 8 t.h. 30 /th = RM 240.00
11 Memungut hasil 20 t.h. 30 /th = RM 600.00

Jumlah Kos Tenagakerja (II) = RM 3,880.00

III Kos Tetap
1 Sewa tanah 3 bulan 42 /ha/bln = RM 126.00
2 Sistem pengairan Semusim = RM 1,187.50
3 Bahan Api
a. Diesel 300 liter 1.8 liter = RM 540.00


Jumlah Kos Tetap (III) = RM 1,853.50

Jumlah Kos Berubah ( I+II+III) = RM 11,728.00

C. Pendapatan
1 Pendapatan Kasar = RM 20,000.00
2 Jumlah kos (I+II+III) = RM 11,728.00
3 Kontigensi 5% = RM 586.40
4 Jumlah kos pengeluaran = RM 12,314.40
5 Pendapatan Bersih = RM 7,685.60
6 Harga Pulang Modal (Kos/tongkol)= RM 0.31
7 B/C Ratio = RM 1.62


Nota : * Berdasarkan 75% kawasan bertanam sehektar

By,

M Anem, Penang

KOS LABU MANIS

Anggaran Kos Pengeluaran Labu Manis

(Sehektar/musim) Tahun 2010

Jarak Penanaman : 1.2 m x 2.4 m
Kepadatan : 2,600 pokok*
Jangkamasa penanaman : 3 bulan


A. Pendapatan Kasar 15,000 kg 0.85 /kg = RM 12,750.00

B Kos Pengeluaran Labu Manis

I Kos Berubah
Bahan-bahan Input
1 Benih 0.8 kg 25 /kg = RM 20.00
2 Baja
a. Tahi ayam 3 tan 440 /tan = RM 1,320.00
b. Kapur GML 3 tan 280 /tan = RM 840.00
c. NPK 12:12:17:2 0.8 tan 2,440 /tan = RM 1,952.00
3 Racun kimia
a. Racun perosak 8 liter 13 /liter = RM 107.00
4 Bahan lain
a. Plastik lutsinar 14 gulung 70 /gulung = RM 980.00
b. Bakul plastik 10 unit 40 / unit = RM 400.00

Jumlah Kos Bahan Input (I) = RM 4,132.00

II Kos Tenaga Kerja
1 Penyediaan tanah dan batas Kontrak = RM 1,000.00
2 Membaja organan 20 t.h. 30 /th = RM 600.00
3 Memasang plastik 10 t.h. 30 /th = RM 300.00
4 Menanam dan menebuk plastik 6 t.h. 30 /th = RM 180.00
5 Membaja tambahan 3 t.h. 30 /th = RM 90.00
6 Pengairan 34 t.h. 30 /th = RM 1,020.00
7 Kawalan musuh dan penyakit 6 t.h. 30 /th = RM 180.00
8 Memungut hasil 20 t.h. 30 /th = RM 600.00

Jumlah Kos Tenagakerja (II) = RM 3,970.00

III Kos Tetap
1 Sewa tanah 3.0 bulan 42 /ha/bln = RM 126.00
2 Alatan pertanian = RM 1,187.50
3 Bahan Api 250 liter 1.80 liter = RM 450.00

Jumlah Kos Tetap (III) = RM 1,763.50

Jumlah Kos Berubah ( I+II+III) = RM 9,865.50

C. Pendapatan
1 Pendapatan Kasar = RM 12,750.00
2 Jumlah kos (I+II+III) = RM 9,865.50
3 Kontigensi 5% = RM 493.28
4 Jumlah kos pengeluaran = RM 10,358.78
5 Pendapatan Bersih = RM 2,391.23
6 Harga Pulang Modal (Kos/kg) = RM 0.69
7 B/C Ratio = RM 1.23


Nota : * Berdasarkan 75% kawasan bertanam sehektar

By,

M Anem

Penang

KOS UBIKAYU

Anggaran Kos Pengeluaran Ubi Kayu

(Sehektar/musim) Tahun 2010

Jarak tanaman : 1 m x 1 m
Bilangan Pokok : 7500 pokok*
Tempoh penanaman : 9 bulan

A. Pendapatan Kasar 22,000 kg 0.4 /kg = RM 8,800.00

B. Kos
I. Kos Bahan Input
1 Benih 7500 keratan 0.02 /keratan = RM 150.00
2 Baja
a. Kapur 3 tan 280 / tan = RM 840.00
b. NPK 12:12:17:2 0.6 tan 2440 / tan = RM 1,464.00
c. MOP 0.1 tan 2260 / tan= RM 226.00
3 Racun kimia -
a. Metalachor 4 liter 64 /liter = RM 256.00
b. Paraquat 0.675 /4 liter 55 /4 liter = RM 37.00
4 Bahan lain
a. Bakul plastik 10 unit 40 / unit = RM 400.00

Jumlah Kecil I = RM 3,373.00

II. Kos Tenaga Kerja
1 Penyediaan tanah dan batas Kontrak = RM 1,000.00
2 Penyediaan benih & menanam 10 t.h. 30 /th = RM 300.00
3 Membaja 6 t.h. 30 /th = RM 180.00
5 Mengawal rumpai 13 t.h. 30 /th = RM 390.00
8 Memungut hasil 42 t.h. 30 /th = RM 1,260.00

Jumlah Kecil II = RM 3,130.00

III. Kos Tetap
1 Cukai tanah 1 /tahun 60 /thn = RM 60.00
2 Alatan ladang 1 500.00 /thn = RM 500.00

Jumlah Kecil II = RM 560.00

Jum. Kos Pengeluaran I+II+III = RM 7,063.13

C. Pendapatan
1 Pendapatan Kasar = RM 8,800.00
2 Jumlah kos (I+II+III) = RM 7,063.13
3 Kontigensi 5% = RM 353.16
4 Jumlah kos pengeluaran = RM 7,416.28
5 Pendapatan Bersih 1,383.72
6 Harga Pulang Modal (Kos/kg) = RM 0.34
7 B/C Ratio = RM 1.19


Nota : * Berdasarkan 75% kawasan bertanam sehektar
* Nota : hasil purata dari empat varieti ubi kayu di pasaran

(Seri Pontian-36,500;Yellow-29,300;White-26,000;Medan-23,600)

By,

M Anem

Tanjung Bunga

Penang

KOS HALIA

Anggaran Kos Pengeluaran Halia Tua

Sehektar/musim) Tahun 2010

Jarak Penanaman : 0.25 m x 0.5 m
Kepadatan : 60,000 pokok*
Jangkamasa : 8 - 9 BULAN

A. Pendapatan Kasar 15,000 kg 2.5 /kg = RM 37,500.00

B Kos

I Kos Berubah
Bahan-bahan Input
1 Benih 3000 rizom 2.5 / rizom = RM 7,500.00
2 Baja
a. Kapur 2.5 tan 280 / tan = RM 700.00
b. Baja organik 2.5 tan 440 / tan = RM 1,100.00
c. NPK 12:12:17:2 1.5 tan 2,440 / tan = RM 3,660.00
d. NPK 15:15:15 0.1 tan 2,400 / tan = RM 240.00
3 Racun kimia
a. Racun Rumpai (gramoxome) 8 liter 45 / liter = RM 360.00
b. Racun serangga 6 liter 90 / liter = RM 540.00
c. Racun kulat 6 liter 25 / liter = RM 150.00
4 Bahan lain
a. Bakul plastik 10 unit 40 / unit = RM 400.00

Jumlah Kecil I = RM 14,250.00

II Kos Tenaga Kerja
1 Penyediaan tanah dan batas Kontrak = RM 1,000.00
2 Menanam 20 t.h. 30 /th = RM 600.00
3 Membaja dan mengapur 20 t.h. 30 /th = RM 600.00
4 Merumput dan menimbul tanah 20 t.h. 30 /th = RM 600.00
5 Mengawal musuh dan penyakit 15 t.h. 30 /th = RM 450.00
6 Memungut hasil 40 t.h. 30 /th = RM 1,200.00
7 Memikul dan mengangkat (kontrak) 15 t.h. 30 /th RM 450.00

Jumlah Kecil II = RM 4,900.00

III Kos Tetap
1 Sewa tanah 9 bulan 42 /ha/bln = RM 378.00
2 Alatan pengairan Semusim = RM 3,800.00
3 Bahan Api 250 liter 1.8 liter = RM 450.00

Jumlah Kecil III = RM 4,628.00

Jumlah Kos Berubah ( I+II+III) = RM 23,778.00

C. Pendapatan
1 Pendapatan Kasar = RM 37,500.00
2 Jumlah kos (I+II+III) = RM 23,778.00
3 Kontigensi 5% = RM 1,188.90
4 Jumlah kos pengeluaran = RM 24,966.90
5 Pendapatan Bersih = RM 12,533.10
6 Harga Pulang Modal (Kos/kg) = RM 1.66
7 B/C Ratio = RM 1.50


Nota : * Berdasarkan 75% kawasan bertanam sehektar

By
M Anem
Penang

KOS SAWI

Anggaran Kos Pengeluaran Sawi/ha/musim Tahun 2010

Jarak Penanaman : 0.15 m x 0.15 m
Kepadatan : 280,000 pokok*
Jangkamasa penanaman : 4 minggu selepas menanam


A. Pendapatan Kasar 15,000 kg 1.00 /kg = RM 15,000.00

B Kos Berubah Sawi

I Kos Berubah
Bahan-bahan Input
1 Benih 1.5 kg 300 / kg = RM 450.00
2 Baja
a. Kapur 0.5 tan 280 / tan RM = RM 140.00
b. Baja organik 1 tan 440 / tan = RM 440.00
c. NPK 15:15:15 0.5 tan 2,400 / tan = RM 1,200.00
d. Baja foliar 15:15:6:4 9 liter 40 / liter = RM 360.00
3 Racun kimia
a. Racun serangga 2 liter 90 / liter = RM 180.00
b. Racun kulat 2 liter 25 / liter = RM 50.00
c. Racun rumpai 4 liter 45 / liter = RM 180.00
4 Bahan lain
a. Bakul plastik 10 unit 40 / unit RM = RM 400.00

Jumlah Kecil I = RM 3,000.00

II Kos Tenaga Kerja
1 Penyediaan tanah dan batas Kontrak = RM 1,000.00
2 Menanam dan penjarangan 18 t.h. 30 / th = RM 540.00
3 Menyiram 15 t.h. 30 / th = RM 450.00
4 mengawal rumpai 20 t.h. 30 / th = RM 600.00
5 kawalan penyakit dan perosak 15 t.h. 30 / th = RM 450.00
6 membaja 8 t.h. 30 / th = RM 240.00
7 memungut hasil 40 t.h. 30 / th = RM 1,200.00

Jumlah Kecil II = RM 4,480.00

III Kos Tetap
1 Sewa tanah 1.0 bulan 42 /ha/bln = RM 42.00
2 Alatan pengairan Semusim = RM 760.00
3 Bahan Api 250 liter 1.80 / liter = RM 450.00

Jumlah Kecil III = RM 1,252.00

Jumlah Kos Berubah ( I+II+III) = RM 8,732.00

C. Pendapatan

1 Pendapatan Kasar = RM 15,000.00
2 Jumlah kos (I+II+III) = RM 8,732.00
3 Kontigensi 5% = RM 436.60
4 Jumlah kos pengeluaran = RM 9,168.60
5 Pendapatan Bersih = RM 5,831.40
6 Harga Pulang Modal (Kos/kg) = RM 0.61
7 B/C Ratio = RM 1.64


Nota : * Berdasarkan 64% kawasan bertanam sehektar (batas)

By,

M Anem

Tanjung Bunga

Pulau Pinang

Okt 2010

Cashflow Maize

Maize or Corn (Zea mays) are popular short term crop grown by few farmers in Johore especially for fresh consumption. Johore was the largest fresh maize producers in Malaysia for about 1,560 hectare planted in 2009. Some maize farmers grow for more than 15 years on peat soil such as at Pontian District fo export to Singapore. Only sweet corn are planted in Johore such as TSS Variety, KNY 932, KNY 1345 and some other varieties.

Maize took about 3 months from sowing to harvesting. The KNY 932 are able to produce single cobs per tree compare to KNY 1345 able to produce 2 cobs and few smallcorn for vegetables. Each cob sold at RM 0.40 to RM 0.60 ex-farm. Most buyers are from Night Market operators (60%), Sent to hypermarket (25%) and the balance for Singapore market.

The recent world oil price increase cause few farms inputs higher value especially Chemical Fertilizers, Weedicide, Fungicide and Fuel for pumping system and irrigation. A simple study was done by me and my extension officer at Muar District to study the current status cost of production of maize. Below are the result of my recent study.

Cost of Production one hectare of Maize (Zea mays) at Muar District, JOHOR in 2009.

a. Cash in Flow : RM 4,800.00

Yield (30,000 cobs) x RM 0.16/cobs

b. Total Costs of Production : RM 3,367.32

Cost of Farm Inputs - RM1,671.20

Costs of Labor/Works - RM 1,390.00

Miscellinous Costs - RM 0 (Not included)

c. Farm Net Income : RM 1,432.68

(RM 4,800 - RM 3,367.32)

d. Cost of Production per cobs :

RM 0.11/cobs (RM 4,800 / RM3,367.32)

e. Return to RM 1.00 investment :

RM 1.43 (every RM 1.00 spent given a return RM 1.43)

The report shown that total cost of production about RM 3,367 per ha (Increase about 15% from my study in 2008. If the farmers able to produce 30,000 cobs an with average price of RM 0.16 per cob giving Gross Farm Income RM 4,800.00. Analysis shows that cost of production was RM 0.11 per cobs and every RM 1.00 farmers spent giving back RM 1.43 - means a prfitable business.

GROW MAIZE....STUDY TECHNOLOGY....

APPLY GOOD AGRICULTURE PRACTICE...

ENSURE QUALITY AND SAFE MAIZE...

By:

M Anem

DOA

Johor